References

[i] Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Vol. 1, Sixth Edition, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2020), 308-10; David Faflik, introduction to The Physiology of New York Boarding-Houses, ed. David Faflik, (New Brunswick, NJ: Ruters University Press, 2009), xi, xiii.

[ii] Wendy Gamber, The Boardinghouse in Nineteenth-Century America, (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2007), 1-2.

[iii] JoAnne O’Connell, The Life & Songs of Stephen Foster: A Revealing Portrait of the Forgotten Man behind “Swanne River,” “Beautiful Dreamer,” and “My Old Kentucky Home”, (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), 83-86; Raymond Walters, Stephen Foster: Youth’s Golden Gleam, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1936), 17.

[iv] Raymond Walters, Stephen Foster, 11; Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), 228-29; John J.-G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, 1600-1945, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1981), 38-39.

[v] Evelyn Foster Morneweck, Chronicles of Stephen Foster’s Family, Vol. 1, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1944), 308; Steven Saunders and Deane L. Root, The Music of Stephen C. Foster, Volume 1: 1844-1855, (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990), 452-61, 28; Raymond Walters, Stephen Foster, 36.

[vi] JoAnne O’Connell, The Life & Songs of Stephen Foster, 90-91; Raymond Walters, Stephen Foster, 73-75; Stephen Foster to William E. Millet, May 25, 1849, in Calvin Elliker, Stephen Foster: A Guide to Research, (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988), 94.

[vii] JoAnne O’Connell, The Life & Songs of Stephen Foster, 117; M.S. Whitaker, “Charles Maitland: or, The Force of Imagination”, Godey’s Lady’s Book, May 1858; Evelyn Foster Morneweck, Chronicles of Stephen Foster’s Family, Vol. 1, 294; Stephen Foster to Ann Eliza Foster Buchanan, July 16, 1850, in Calvin Elliker, Stephen Foster, 95; O’Connell, 122.

[viii] Jessie Welsh Rose, My Grandmother’s Memories, quoted in Raymond Walters, Stephen Foster: Youth’s Golden Gleam, 126; John Tasker Howard, Stephen Foster: America’s Troubadour, (New York: Tudor Publishing Company, 1943), 161; JoAnne O’Connell, The Life & Songs of Stephen Foster, 124; Amount of $45,000 is an average calculated at measuringworth.com, based on the figure of $15,000 which Foster purportedly earned between 1849-1860, taken from Fletcher Hodges Jr., The Swanee River and A Biography of Stephen C. Foster, (Orlando, Fl.: Robinsons, Inc., 1958), 13; Ken Emerson, Doo-dah!: Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 152-53; Henrietta Thornton to Morrison Foster, June 21, 1853, Foster Hall Collection, C532; James Buchanan to Rev. Edward Y. Buchanan, November 15, 1854, Foster Hall Collection; Harold Vincent Milligan, Stephen Collins Foster: A Biography of American’s Folk-Song Composer, (New York: G. Schirmer,1920), 59; Milligan, 57.

[ix] JoAnne O’Connell, The Life & Songs of Stephen Foster, 123; Evelyn Foster Morneweck, The Chronicles of Stephen Foster’s Family, Vol. 2, 425; John Tasker Howard, Stephen Foster, 167.

[x] John Tasker Howard, Stephen Foster, 3; “The Wife”, Stephen Foster Lyrics, accessed January 5, 2022, https://sites.pitt.edu/~amerimus/lyrics.htm.

[xi] In regard to “Comrades, Fill No Glass for Me” John Tasker Howard suggests that Foster was not yet a heavy drinker when he wrote this song, and that “it is unlikely that at this time his desire for alcohol had grown powerful enough for him to write from his own experience a temperance song as a warning to others. It would seem rather that he was merely writing a song which he knew would strike a responsive chord in the so-called temperance circles.” (Stephen Foster: America’s Troubadour, 253); John Tasker Howard, Stephen Foster, 163; Stephen Foster Lyrics, accessed February 1, 2022, https://sites.pitt.edu/~amerimus/lyrics.htm; Emerson, Doo-dah!, 151.